The Quadrant D12 – Rio de Pasig & Manila of Murillo Velarde 1734 Map provides an invaluable glimpse into 18th-century Manila, laying the foundation for its modern evolution.

1. Geographic & Urban Layout

• The Pasig River (Rio de Pasig) is the central feature, dividing Manila into two major areas: Intramuros (the walled city) and surrounding settlements.

• Intramuros follows a grid layout, showcasing Spanish urban planning with fortified walls and bastions.

• The bridge across the Pasig River is depicted, likely representing the Puente de España, the precursor to modern-day bridges in Manila.

2. Intramuros as the Colonial Capital

• Clearly defined city walls indicate the defensive importance of Intramuros against attacks from foreign powers and native uprisings.

• Structures within Intramuros include:

  • Churches and convents (San Agustin, Santo Domingo, San Francisco, etc.).

  • Government buildings like the Casa Real and Cabildo (City Council).

  • Military installations, including Fort Santiago, guarding the entrance from the river.

3. Beyond Intramuros: Early Suburbs & Settlements

• North of the Pasig River are dense clusters of settlements, indicating areas such as Binondo, Quiapo, and Tondo—major commercial and residential districts.

• Binondo, historically the Chinese trading quarter, was a hub of economic activity, particularly for merchants dealing in silk and spices.

• The map shows a diverse population—Spaniards, Chinese, and native Filipinos coexisted in separate districts.

4. Maritime & Trade Significance

• The Pasig River served as a crucial transport and trade route, connecting Manila to Laguna de Bay and inland provinces.

• The harbor area at the lower left suggests the port where galleons and merchant ships docked.

• Trade with China, Mexico (via the Galleon Trade), and local provinces fueled the city’s economy.

5. Strategic & Defensive Importance

• Manila’s fortifications, including Fort Santiago, highlight the Spanish strategy of securing the city from naval and land-based threats.

• The city layout reinforces Spanish military engineering principles, ensuring both defense and control over local inhabitants.

Significance of Quadrant D12 (Rio de Pasig & Manila)

• Highlights Intramuros as the Spanish colonial capital of the Philippines.

• Showcases Pasig River’s role in commerce, transport, and military strategy.

• Depicts early urban planning, fortifications, and social divisions in Manila.

• Reinforces the city’s status as a hub of trade, religion, and governance in Spanish Asia.