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Quadrant A21 – "The Indian Filipinos" on the Murillo Velarde 1734 Map

This illustration from the Murillo Velarde 1734 map provides a fascinating glimpse into the daily life, clothing, and customs of indigenous Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era. It showcases a mix of Christianized natives and traditional indigenous practices, offering insight into Spanish perceptions of native Filipino culture.

1. Indio con lambon e Indua con saya para ir a la iglesia

   • This phrase translates to “Indio with a cloak and Indio woman with a skirt going to church.”

   • On the left side, a Christianized Filipino couple is depicted wearing modest Spanish-style clothing.

   • The woman is dressed in a long skirt (saya) and a veil, common for churchgoers during the period.

   • The man wears a lambon (cloak or shawl), reflecting a blend of native and Spanish influences.

2. India con chimnaytayas q’ trae guayabas fruta silvestre

   • Translates to “Indigenous woman with chimnaytayas carrying wild guava fruits.”

   • The woman in the center, carrying a basket of guavas on her head, represents a common native practice of carrying goods this way.

   • The term "chimnaytayas" is unclear but may refer to a type of clothing or hairstyle worn by native Filipino women.

3. Indios bailando al compás

   • “Indigenous Filipinos dancing to the beat.”

   • A group of natives is shown dancing, with a musician playing a small wind instrument.

   • This suggests a ritual dance or celebration, possibly influenced by pre-colonial traditions.

4. Bisaya con balarao

   • “Bisaya with a dagger.”

   • On the right, a Visayan warrior or commoner is depicted holding a balarao (a type of dagger).

   • The Balarao was a traditional Visayan weapon, highlighting the martial culture of the Visayans, who were known for their warrior traditions.

   • Behind him, a child is seen carrying a small club, possibly a training weapon, suggesting the early introduction of combat skills in Visayan society.

Historical Significance:

• Religious Influence: The Christianized Filipinos show how Spanish missionaries influenced clothing and customs.

• Economic Activity: The depiction of the woman carrying guavas reflects trade and subsistence farming in indigenous communities.

• Traditional Practices: The dancing natives and armed Visayan highlight the persistence of pre-Hispanic cultural traditions despite Spanish rule.