Quadrant A17 - Armenian, Persian, Mughal, and Malabar Figures in the 17th Century (Murillo Velarde 1734 Map)

This illustration from the Murillo Velarde 1734 map provides insight into the presence of various ethnic groups engaged in trade, cultural exchange, and social interactions in the Philippines and neighboring regions.

1. Three Distinct Figures:

   • "Armenio o Persa chupando tabaco" (Armenian or Persian smoking tobacco) – Seated on the left, wearing a distinctive cap and robe, using a hookah (water pipe), which was common in Persian and Armenian culture.

   • "Mogol" (Mughal figure) – In the center, wearing a turban and a long buttoned robe, likely representing merchants or dignitaries from the Mughal Empire (India).

   • "Malabar" (South Indian figure) – On the right, also dressed in a long robe, gesturing as if in conversation. Malabar refers to the Malabar Coast of India, known for its spice trade.

2. Hookah (Water Pipe) Culture:

   • The presence of a hookah suggests the spread of tobacco consumption, a practice that had spread from the Americas to Asia through trade.

   • The social gathering around the hookah signifies cross-cultural exchange between traders and merchants.

3. Trade and Cultural Exchange:

   • Armenians, Persians, and Indians were heavily involved in trade networks across Manila, India, Persia, and Southeast Asia.

   • This image likely represents a trading house or a diplomatic meeting where merchants from different backgrounds interacted.

   • The Philippines, particularly Manila, was a key hub in the Galleon Trade, linking Asia to Europe via Mexico.

Historical Context & Significance:

• Manila as a Trade Hub: The depiction of these foreign traders highlights the cosmopolitan nature of Manila, where Armenian, Persian, and Indian merchants played a vital role in commerce.

• Tobacco Trade Influence: The image captures the globalization of tobacco, which was introduced to Asia by the Spanish.

• Multicultural Interaction: The illustration showcases the diverse ethnic groups present in Manila, emphasizing its importance in global trade networks.